An improved framework for content and link-based web spam detection: a combined approach

In the modern digital era, the Web has been utilized for searching information by using different search engines (SE) as a tool. However, web spammers misuse the web for financial benefits by ranking the irrelevant and spam web pages higher than relevant pages in the search engine's results pages (SERPs) by using web spamming techniques. Furthermore, those top-ranked unrelated web pages contain insufficient or inappropriate information for the user. In addition, web spamming techniques dramatically affect the quality of the search engine. Researchers introduced several web spam detection techniques such as content-based features, link-based features, label propagation, label refinement, click-based web spamming detection, and real-time web spam detection. However, identifying all spam pages on the Web with high accuracy is still remains unsolved. This work proposes a content-based web spam detection framework, link-based web spam detection framework, and a combined approach to identify both types of web spams with high accuracy that can detect the newly evolved link pyramid. The content-based web spam detection framework uses three proposed and two improved content-based algorithms for web spam detection. The link-based web spam detection framework initially exposed the relationship network behind the link spamming and then used the paid-links database algorithm, spam signals algorithm, and improved link farms algorithm for link-based web spam identification. Finally, the combination of both content and link-based frameworks enhance the accuracy of web spam detection. The proposed combined approach's performance has been evaluated and compared with the J48 classifier, C4.5 decision tree classifier, SVM classifier, and heuristic combined approach. Some experiments were conducted to obtain the threshold values using the proposed collection architecture on well-known datasets WEB SPAM-UK2006 and WEB SPAM-UK2007. The results show that the proposed methods outperform other methods with 82.1% precision and an F-measure of 80.6% to illustrate the proposed framework's effectiveness and applicability

A Comprehensive Study Of Energy Efficient Routing In Wsn Towards Qos

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging field of wireless network comprising of few to many autonomous tiny sensors nodes, with limited processing, limited memory, limited battery power, limited bandwidth and limited wireless transmission capabilities. The life time of the sensor node depends upon the battery power. WSN are commonly used to monitor environmental conditions like temperature, sound and pressure etc. WSN is an application of MANET. Wireless sensor node collects data and sends back to the sink or Base Station (BS). Data transmission is normally multi-hop among sensor nodes that enable these nodes to transmit data from hop to hop towards the sink or BS. Wireless sensor network requires robust and energy efficient communication protocols to minimize the energy consumption as much as possible.  Main penalty area of researchers is to design the energy efficient routing protocol. Routing protocols should be energy efficient, scalable and prolong the network lifetime.But Quality of Service QoS is also a challenge for energy efficient routing protocols for researchers. QoSneeds a multi-layerlinespanning using the different layer protocol architecture. In this paper, we enlighten the energy efficient routing towards QoS in WSNs and proposes a solutionfor the QoS layer in energy efficient routing techniques in WSNs and finally, highlight some open problems and future direction of research for given that QoS in WSNs

IMPACT OF DIFFERENT VARIABLES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE & LEARNING

Academic performance and learning is a widely studied research area. It incorporates various aspects and can be measured through a plethora of dimensions including the performance of students in standardized tests, their grades and GPA in university courses, the rate of graduation, the rate of class participation, entrance tests of colleges, the overall class performance of students and so on. In this research we have taken blogging, reading, writing and communication skills as the independent variables on which the academic performance and learning is dependent. The population for this quantitative research was the students of National University of Science and Technology, Pakistan

Effectiveness of Tetrachlorodecaoxide Compounds in the Healing of Mandibular Fracture

Fractures of mandible are more common in fighting dogs or can be occur due to accidents. A dog with similar fracture was presented at Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (CMS) with dropped jaw, drawling of bloody saliva. Animal was reluctant to eat and was depressed. After critical physical examination, the condition was confirmed as bilateral fracture of the mandibular body. After performing the necessary pre-operative test like complete blood count (CBC), Serum biochemistry and urinalysis, fracture was surgically reduced by using inter-dental wiring technique. Tetrachlorodecaoxide drops (TCDO) (Oxoferin®; Brookes Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Pakistan) were applied on fracture site three to four times /day until recovery. Animal was kept on liquid diet (chicken soup and milk) throughout and semi-solid food after 25 days. The fracture healed uneventfully in just 37 days

Opinion mining summarization and automation process a survey

In this modern age, the internet is a powerful source of information. Roughly, one-third of the world population spends a significant amount of their time and money on surfing the internet. In every field of life, people are gaining vast information from it such as learning, amusement, communication, shopping, etc. For this purpose, users tend to exploit websites and provide their remarks or views on any product, service, event, etc. based on their experience that might be useful for other users. In this manner, a huge amount of feedback in the form of textual data is composed of those webs, and this data can be explored, evaluated and controlled for the decision-making process. Opinion Mining (OM) is a type of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and extraction of the theme or idea from the user's opinions in the form of positive, negative and neutral comments. Therefore, researchers try to present information in the form of a summary that would be useful for different users. Hence, the research community has generated automatic summaries from the 1950s until now, and these automation processes are divided into two categories, which is abstractive and extractive methods. This paper presents an overview of the useful methods in OM and explains the idea about OM regarding summarization and its automation process

Computational fluid dynamics based performance optimisation of vertical axis marine current turbines.

Rapid decrease in the fossil fuels in the last couple of decades has stirred the researchers to find alternative sources for the production of power. Wind and tidal energies are the two most promising alternatives to the fossil fuels. While most of the recent research has been conducted on developing electro-mechanical systems for power production from wind energy, the research regarding the use of the tidal energy for power production is severely limited. In the present study, performance characteristics of an in-house built Darrieus type Vertical Axis Marine Current Turbine have been numerically simulated. An effort has been made to analyse and understand of the complex flow phenomenon occurring in the vicinity of such turbine. Furthermore, the optimisation study has been included for various flow configurations. It has been shown that the optimum operating condition of the vertical axis marine current turbine occurs at a tip speed ratio of 0.17 when the power production from the turbine is at its maximum

Measuring the BDARX architecture by agent oriented system a case study

Distributed systems are progressively designed as multi-agent systems that are helpful in designing high strength complex industrial software. Recently, distributed systems cooperative applications are openly access, dynamic and large scales. Nowadays, it hardly seems necessary to emphasis on the potential of decentralized software solutions. This is because the main benefit lies in the distributed nature of information, resources and action. On the other hand, the progression in multi agent systems creates new challenges to the traditional methodologies of fault-tolerance that typically relies on centralized and offline solution. Research on multi-agent systems had gained attention for designing software that operates in distributed and open environments, such as the Internet. DARX (Dynamic Agent Replication eXtension) is one of the architecture which aimed at building reliable software that would prove to be both flexible and scalable and also aimed to provide adaptive fault tolerance by using dynamic replication methodologies. Therefore, the enhancement of DARX known as BDARX can provide dynamic solution of byzantine faults for the agent based systems that embedded DARX. The BDARX architecture improves the fault tolerance ability of multi-agent systems in long run and strengthens the software to be more robust against such arbitrary faults. The BDARX provide the solution for the Byzantine fault tolerance in DARX by making replicas on the both sides of communication agents by using BFT protocol for agent systems instead of making replicas only on server end and assuming client as failure free. This paper shows that the dynamic behaviour of agents avoid us from making discrimination between server and client replicas

Um estudo da relação causal de autonomia no trabalho, apoio social e intenção de rotatividade

Boredom at workplace is a negative well-being displayed by both blue and white collar employees who had lost their passion and value towards jobs under non stimulating working environment. Yet, there are limited studies in this area. Scholars had constantly associated boredom with negative working performance such as job dissatisfaction, high absenteeism, poor health condition and low organizational commitment. However, the association with turnover intention remains debatable. In Pakistan, the turnover intention among academicians of universities are in critical stage ever since year 2015. Although the Higher Education Commission Pakistan recognize the potential of private universities in supporting Pakistan to improve education in the countries, this issue remains unsolved which may jeopardize the success. Therefore, this study put forward the antecedents and consequence of boredom at workplace under a single model which includes the investigation of job autonomy, social support, and turnover intention among academicians. A quantitative study was conducted by obtaining data from 279 academicians working for 25 private universities in Lahore an Islamabad. The results showed that job autonomy was not significantly associated with turnover intention because job autonomy has no association with boredom at the first place. In contrast, social support was negatively associated with boredom which led to positive association with turnover intention. Moreover, the result confirmed the presence of boredom as mediator upon bootstrapping. It is suggested that private universities shall motivate academicians to actively participate in trainings, conferences, and seminars as the opportune time can be used to build good rapport among them.El aburrimiento en el lugar de trabajo es un bienestar negativo que muestran tanto los empleados de cuello azul como los de clase blanca que han perdido su pasión y valor hacia los empleos en un entorno laboral no estimulante. Sin embargo, hay estudios limitados en esta área. Los académicos han asociado constantemente el aburrimiento con el desempeño laboral negativo, como la insatisfacción laboral, el alto ausentismo, la mala condición de salud y el bajo compromiso organizacional. Sin embargo, la asociación con la intención de rotación sigue siendo discutible. En Pakistán, la intención de rotación entre los académicos de las universidades se encuentra en una etapa crítica desde el año 2015. Aunque la Comisión de Educación Superior de Pakistán reconoce el potencial de las universidades privadas para ayudar a Pakistán a mejorar la educación en los países, este problema sigue sin resolverse, lo que puede poner en peligro el éxito.. Por lo tanto, este estudio expuso los antecedentes y las consecuencias del aburrimiento en el lugar de trabajo bajo un modelo único que incluye la investigación de la autonomía laboral, el apoyo social y la intención de cambio entre los académicos. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo mediante la obtención de datos de 279 académicos que trabajan en 25 universidades privadas en Lahore y Islamabad. Los resultados mostraron que la autonomía laboral no se asoció significativamente con la intención de la rotación, ya que la autonomía laboral no tiene ninguna asociación con el aburrimiento en primer lugar. En contraste, el apoyo social se asoció negativamente con el aburrimiento, lo que llevó a una asociación positiva con la intención de la rotación. Además, el resultado confirmó la presencia de aburrimiento como mediador en el arranque. Se sugiere que las universidades privadas motiven a los académicos a participar activamente en capacitaciones, conferencias y seminarios, ya que el momento oportuno se puede utilizar para establecer una buena relación entre ellos.O tédio no local de trabalho é um bem-estar negativo exibido por funcionários de colarinho azul e branco que perderam a paixão e o valor para empregos em ambiente de trabalho não estimulante. No entanto, existem estudos limitados nesta área. Os acadêmicos associaram constantemente o tédio ao desempenho negativo do trabalho, como insatisfação no trabalho, alto absenteísmo, condições de saúde precárias e baixo comprometimento organizacional. No entanto, a associação com a intenção de rotatividade continua a ser discutível. No Paquistão, a intenção de rotatividade entre acadêmicos de universidades está em fase crítica desde 2015. Embora a Comissão de Educação Superior do Paquistão reconheça o potencial das universidades privadas em apoiar o Paquistão para melhorar a educação nos países, esta questão permanece sem solução, o que pode comprometer o sucesso. Portanto, este estudo apresenta os antecedentes e conseqüências do tédio no local de trabalho sob um único modelo que inclui a investigação da autonomia do trabalho, apoio social e intenção de rotatividade entre os acadêmicos. Um estudo quantitativo foi realizado através da obtenção de dados de 279 acadêmicos que trabalham para 25 universidades privadas em Lahore e Islamabad. Os resultados mostraram que a autonomia do trabalho não estava significativamente associada à intenção de rotatividade, porque a autonomia do trabalho não tem nenhuma associação com o tédio em primeiro lugar. Em contraste, o apoio social foi negativamente associado ao tédio, o que levou a uma associação positiva com a intenção de rotatividade. Além disso, o resultado confirmou a presença do tédio como mediador no bootstrapping. Sugere-se que as universidades privadas motivem os acadêmicos a participar ativamente de treinamentos, conferências e seminários, já que o momento oportuno pode ser usado para construir um bom relacionamento entre eles

Numerical simulations of effects of faults in a vertical axis wind turbine’s performance.

Renewable sources of energy are being developed globally to overcome the present excessive dependence on fossil fuels. Wind energy is one of the important sources of renewable energy. Considerable amount of research is being carried out on the innovative designs for optimal performance of wind turbines. Furthermore a lot of research is being carried out on maintenance and condition monitoring of such systems. Torque output is one of the most important parameters in analysing the performance of a turbine; which in turn depends on a number of factors including the structural health and the performance of each blade. Cracks in a wind turbine blade affect the aerodynamic profile of the blade and consequently flow field around it, and may cause vibration in the blade further affecting its performance. In this paper Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based technique has been used to study the effect of the presence of cracks in the blades on the torque output of Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). For this purpose, different cracks configurations have been simulated and results analysed which indicate variations in the amplitude of the torque output of the turbine due to the presence of cracks